Charlotte Blease, PhD

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Links to all papers, below:

 

 

PEER-REVIEWED ARTICLES & BOOK CHAPTERS:

 

PATIENT ACCESS TO ELECTRONIC RECORDS

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1. Blease, C. (2023). Response to commentaries on sharing online clinical notes with patients: implications for nocebo effects and health equity. Journal of Medical Ethics, 49(1), pp.32-33.

2. Blease, C., (2023) Sharing online clinical notes with patients: implications for nocebo effects and health equity. Journal of Medical Ethics

3. Blease, C., (2022). When patients are victims: access to online records and medical misconduct. BMJ, 379.

4. Blease, C., McMillan, B., Salmi, L., Davidge, G. and Delbanco, T., 2022. Adapting to transparent medical records: international experience with “open notes”. BMJ, 379.

5. Blease C, Cohen IG, Hoffman S. Sharing Clinical Notes: Potential Medical-Legal Benefits and Risks. JAMA. 2022 Feb 22;327(8):717-8

6. McMillan, B., Davidge, G., Blease, C. and Watson, J., 2022. Implications of the changes to patient online records access in English primary care. British Journal of General Practice, 72(725), pp.558-559.

7. Hagström J, Scandurra I, Moll J, Blease C, Haage B, Hörhammer I, Hägglund M. (2022) Minor and Parental Access to Electronic Health Records: Differences Across Four Countries. Studies in health technology and informatics. 294:495-9

8. Bärkås A, Hägglund M, Moll J, Cajander Å, Rexhepi H, Hörhammer I, Blease C, Scandurra I. (2022) Patients' Access to Their Psychiatric Records-A Comparison of Four Countries. Studies in health technology and informatics; 294:510-4

9. Hagström J, Blease C, Haage B, Scandurra I, Hansson S, Hägglund M. (2022). Use of and Experiences With Online Access to Electronic Health Records for Parents, Children, and Adolescents: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR Research Protocols; 11(6):e36158.

10. Schwarz J, Bärkås A, Blease C, Collins L, Hägglund M, Markham S, Hochwarter S. (2021) Sharing Clinical Notes and Electronic Health Records with People Affected by Mental Health Conditions: Scoping Review. JMIR Mental Health 8(12)

11. Blease, C., DesRoches, C.M. (2021) Open notes in patient care: Confining deceptive placebos to the past? Journal of Medical Ethics

12. Blease, C.R., Kharko, A., Hägglund, M., O’Neill, S., Wachenheim, D., Salmi, L., Harcourt, K., Locher, C., DesRoches, C.M. and Torous, J. (2021). The benefits and harms of open notes in mental health: A Delphi survey of international experts. PLOS ONE doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258056

13. Bärkås, A.; Scandurra, I.; Rexhepi, H.; Blease, C.; Cajander, Å.; Hägglund, M. Patients’ Access to Their Psychiatric Notes: Current Policies and Practices in Sweden. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18, 9140. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph18179140

14. DesRoches, C. M., Salmi, L., Dong. Z., Blease, C. (2021). How do older patients with chronic conditions view reading the open visit notes? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 69(12):3497-3506

15. Blease, C., Salmi, L., Hägglund, M., Wachenheim, D., DesRoches, C. (2021) COVID-19 and open notes: A new method to enhance patient safety. JMIR Mental Health; 8(6):e29314; doi: 10.2196/29314

16. Blease, C., Salmi, L., Rexhepi, H., Hägglund, M., DesRoches, C. (2021). Patients, clinicians and open notes: information blocking as a case of epistemic injustice. Journal of Medical Ethics.doi:10.1136/ medethics-2021-107275 

17. Blease, C., Dong, Z., Torous, J., Walker, J., Hägglund, M., DesRoches, C. M. (2021). Association of patients viewing medical notes and adherence to medications among persons with serious mental illness. JAMA Network Open; 2021;4(3):e212823

18. O’Neill, S., Blease, C., Delbanco, T. (2021) Open Notes Become Law: A challenge for mental health practice. Psychiatric Services.

19. Blease, C., Torous, J., Kharko, A., DesRoches, C., Harcourt, K., O’Neill, S., Salmi, L., Wachenheim, D., Hägglund, M. (2021). Preparing Patients and Clinicians for Open Notes in Mental Health: A Qualitative Inquiry of International Experts. JMIR Mental Health 8(4).

20. Blease, C., O’Neill, S., Torous, J., DesRoches, C. M., Hagglund, M. (2021). Patient access to mental health notes: Motivating evidence-informed ethical guidelines. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 209:265-269.

21. Salmi, L., Blease, C., Hägglund, M., Walker, J., DesRoches, C. M. (2021). US policy requires immediate release of records to patients.  BMJ 2021; 372 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n426 

22. Hägglund, M., Blease, C. and Scandurra, I. (2020). Mobile Access and Adoption of the Swedish National Patient Portal. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics, 275, pp.82-86.

23. Blease, C., Walker, J., Torous, J., O'Neill, S. (2020). Sharing clinical notes in psychotherapy: A new tool to strengthen patient autonomy. Frontiers in Psychiatry

24. Blease, C. Walker, J. DesRoches, C. M., Delbanco, T. (2020) New US law mandates access to clinical notes: Implications for patients and clinicians. Annals of Internal Medicine

25. Blease, C., Salmi, L., DesRoches, C. M. (2020). Open notes in cancer care: Coming soon to patients. The Lancet Oncology 21(9): 1136-1138

26. Blease, C. Torous, J., Hagglund, M. (2020). Does patient access to clinical notes change documentation? Frontiers in Public Health

27. Blease, C., Delbanco, T., Torous, J., Ponten, M., DesRoches, C. M., Hagglund, M., Walker, J., Kirsch, I. (2020). Sharing Clinical Notes, and Placebo and Nocebo Effects: Can documentation affect patient health? Journal of Health Psychology

28. Blease, C., Fernandez, L., Bell, S. K., Delbanco, T., DesRoches, C. M. (2020). Empowering patients and reducing inequities: Is there potential in sharing clinical notes? BMJ Quality and Safety

29. Blease, C., O'Neill, S., Walker, J., Hägglund, M., Torous, T. (2020) Sharing notes with mental health patients: Balancing risks with respect. The Lancet Psychiatry.

30. ​Blease, C., Bell, S. K. (2019). Patients as diagnostic collaborators: Sharing visit notes to promote safety and accuracy. Diagnosis 6(3)

 

MACHINE LEARNING/FUTURE OF HEALTH PROFESSIONS

1. Blease C, Kharko A, Bernstein M, Bradley C, Houston M, Walsh I, Hägglund M, DesRoches C, Mandl KD. Machine learning in medical education: a survey of the experiences and opinions of medical students in Ireland. BMJ health & care informatics. 2022 Feb;29(1):e100480

2. Blease, C., Kharko, A., Annoni, M., Gaab, J., Locher, C. (2021) Impact of Machine Learning. Machine Learning in Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Education: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Survey of Postgraduate Students at a Swiss University. Frontiers in Public Health. doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.6230

3. Blease, C., Locher, C., Leon-Carlyle, M. and Doraiswamy, P.M., 2020. Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Psychiatry: Qualitative Findings from a Global Physician Survey. Digital Health

4. Blease, C.R., Kharko, A., Locher, C., DesRoches, C.M. and Mandl, K.D., 2020. US Primary Care in 2029: A Delphi Survey on the Impact of Machine Learning. PLOS ONE

5. Doraiswamy, P. M., Blease, C., Bodner, K. (2020) Artificial intelligence and the future of psychiatry: Insights from a global physician survey. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine

6. Blease, C., Kaptchuk, T. J., Bernstein, M. H., Mandl, K. D., Halamka, J. D., DesRoches, C. M. (2019). Artificial intelligence and the future of primary care: An exploratory study of UK GPs' views. Journal of Medical Internet Research 21(3).

7. Blease, C., Bernstein, M. H., Gaab, J., Kaptchuk, T. J., Kossowsky, J., Mandl, K. D., Davis, R. B., DesRoches, C. M. (2018). Computerization and the future of primary care: A survey of General Practitioners in the UK. PLOS ONE 13(12), p.e0207418.

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EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY

1. Blease, C. (2015). Too few ‘likes’, too many ‘friends’? What Evolutionary Psychology tells us about Facebook Depression. Review of General Psychology 19(1):1-13.

2. Blease, C. (2012). Mental Health Illiteracy? The Unnaturalness of Perceiving Depression as a Disorder. Review of General Psychology 16(1): 59-69.​

 

PHILOSOPHY OF MEDICINE

1. Hunt J, Blease C, Geraghty KJ. Long Covid at the crossroads: Comparisons and lessons from the treatment of patients with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Journal of Health Psychology. 2022 Mar 27:13591053221084494

2. Kube, T., Blease, C., Ballou, S., Kaptchuk T. J. (2019). Hope in medicine: Applying multidisciplinary insights. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 62(4):591-616.

3. Geraghty, K. J., & Blease, C. (2018). Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and the biopsychosocial model: a review of patient harm and distress in the medical encounter. Disability and Rehabilitation, 1-10.

4. Blease, C. (2017) Philosophy's territorialism: Scientists can talk about values too. Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 24(3): 231-234.

5. Corr, M., Roulston,  G., King, N., Dornan, T., Blease, C., Gormley, G. (2017) Living with ‘melanoma’…for a day: A phenomenological analysis of medical students’ simulated experiences. British Journal of Dermatology, 177(3):771-778. 

6. Blease, C., Carel, H., Geraghty, K. (2016). Epistemic Injustice in Healthcare Encounters: Evidence from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Journal of Medical Ethics 42(8): 549-557 (Editor's Choice).

7. Blease, C. (2016) Embracing utility: The medical humanities and medical education. Medical Humanities 42(2), 103-108. (Editor’s Choice for a Special Issue on Patient-hood).

8. Blease, C. (2010). Scientific Progress and the Prospects for Culture-Bound Syndromes. Studies in the History and Philosophy of the Biological and Biomedical Sciences 41: 333-339.

9. Blease, C. (2012). Dismissing Depression: Folk Theorising and Stigmatization. In: R. Cooper and H. Carel, eds. Health, Illness and Disease: Philosophical Essays, Chapter 10: pp. 175-188. (London: Acumen).

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PLACEBO STUDIES (includes: philosophy of science; ethics; empirical research)​

1. Blease, C, Colagiuri, B., Locher, C. (2023). Replication crisis and placebo studies: Rebooting the bioethical debate. Journal of Medical Ethics.

2. Blease, C. (2023). Response to commentaries on sharing online clinical notes with patients: implications for nocebo effects and health equity. Journal of Medical Ethics, 49(1), pp.32-33.

3. Blease, C., (2023) Sharing online clinical notes with patients: implications for nocebo effects and health equity. Journal of Medical Ethics

4. Druart L, Vauthrin O, Pinsault N, Locher C, Blease C. (2022) “It’s not my greengrocer, it’s someone from the medical profession”: A qualitative study regarding acceptability of deceptive and open-label placebo prescribing in France." British Journal of Health Psychology

5. Blease, C., DesRoches, C.M. (2021) Open notes in patient care: Confining deceptive placebos to the past? Journal of Medical Ethics

6. Bernstein, M.H., Rosenfield, M.R., Fuchs, N., Magill, M., Blease, C.R., Beaudoin, F.L., Rich, J.D., Wartolowska, K., & Terek, R.M. (2021). How Orthopedic Surgeons View Open Label Placebo Pills – A Pilot Study: Ethical and Effective, but Opposed to Personal Use. Journal of Psychosomatic Research doi:123456789101112

7. Locher, C., Buergler, S., Nascimento, A. F., Kost, L., Blease, C., Gaab, J. (2021) Lay perspectives of the open-label placebo rationale: A qualitative study of participants in an experimental trial. BMJ Open.

8. Annoni, M., Buergler, S., Ferrer-Stewart, S., Blease, C. 2021. Placebo studies and patient care: Where are the nurses? Frontiers in Psychiatry https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.591913

9. Evers, A.W., Colloca, L., Blease, C., Gaab, J., Jensen, K.B., Atlas, L.Y., Beedie, C.J., Benedetti, F., Bingel, U., Büchel, C. and Bussemaker, J., et al. (2021). Consensus on Placebo and Nocebo Effects Connects Science with Practice: Reply to “Questioning the Consensus on Placebo and Nocebo Effects”. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, doi:10.1159/000514435

10. Evers, A.W., Colloca, L., Blease, C., et al. (2020) What Should Clinicians Tell Patients about Placebo and Nocebo Effects? Practical Considerations Based on Expert Consensus. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, pp.1-8.

11. Mitsikostas, D.D., Blease, C., Carlino, E., Colloca, L., Geers, A.L., Howick, J., Evers, A.W., Flaten, M.A., Kelley, J.M., Kirsch, I. and Klinger, R. (2020) European Headache Federation recommendations for placebo and nocebo terminology. The Journal of Headache and Pain, 21(1), pp.1-7.

12. Blease, C., Delbanco, T., Torous, J., Ponten, M., DesRoches, C. M., Hagglund, M., Walker, J., Kirsch, I. (2020). Sharing Clinical Notes, and Placebo and Nocebo Effects: Can documentation affect patient health? Journal of Health Psychology

13. Bernstein, M. H., Locher, C., Kube, T., Stewart-Ferrer, S., Buergler, S., Blease, C. (2020). Putting 'art' into the 'art of medicine': The underexplored role of artifacts in placebo studies. Frontiers in Psychology.

14. Bernstein, M. H., Locher, C., Stewart-Ferrer, S., Buergler, S., DesRoches, C. M., Dossett, M. L., Miller, F. G., Grose, D. & Blease, C. (2020) Primary care providers’ use of and attitudes towards placebos: An exploratory focus group study with US physicians. British Journal of Health Psychology.

15. Locher, C., Gaab, J., Blease, C., Inderbinen, M., Kost, L., & Koechlin, H. (2020). Placebos are part of the solution, not the problem. An exemplification on the case of antidepressants in pediatric chronic pain conditions. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 998.

16. Blease, C., (2019) The role of placebos in family medicine: Implications of evidence and ethics for general practitioners. Australian Journal of General Practice. 48(10): 8-12.

17. Bernstein, M., Magill, M., Weiss, A.-P., Kaptchuk. T. J., Blease, C., Kirsch, I., Rich, J., Becker, S., Mach, S., Beaudoin, F. (2019). Are conditioned open placebos feasible as an adjunctive treatment to opioids? Results from a single-group dose-extender pilot study with acute pain patients. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics

18. Blease, C., Bernstein, M. H., Locher, C. (2019). Open-label placebo clinical trials: Is it the rationale, the interaction, or the pill? BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine.

19. Blease, C., Annoni, A. (2019). Overcoming disagreement: A roadmap for placebo studies. Biology and Philosophy 34:18.

20. Blease, C. (2018). Psychotherapy and placebos: Manifesto for conceptual clarity. Frontiers in Psychiatry 9, 379.

21. Locher, C., Gaab, J. Blease, C. (2018). When a placebo is not a placebo: Problems and solutions to the gold standard in psychotherapy research. Frontiers in Psychology 9, 2317.

22. Blease, C., Annoni, A., Hutchinson, P. Editors’ Introduction to Special Section on Meaning Response and the Placebo Effect. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 61(3):349-352.

23. Blease, C. (2018). Consensus in placebo studies: Lessons from the philosophy of science. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 61(3):412-430.

24. Annoni, M. & Blease, C. (2018) A critical (and cautiously optimistic) appraisal of Moerman’s meaning response. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 61(3):349-352

25. Friesen, P., & Blease, C. (2018). Placebo effects and racial and ethnic health disparities: An unjust and underexplored connection. Journal of Medical Ethics, 44(11): 774-781.

26. Evers, A. W. M., Colloca L., Blease C., et al. (2018). Implications of Placebo and Nocebo Effects for Clinical Practice: Consensus of a Group of Experts. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 87(4): 204-210

27. Gaab, J., Locher, C., Blease, C. (2018) Placebo and psychotherapy: Differences, similarities, and implications. International Review of Neurobiology 138:241-245.

28. Blease, C.,  Bishop, F., Kaptchuk, T. (2017) Informed consent and clinical trials: Where is the placebo effect? BMJ 356:j463 doi: 10.1136/bmj.j463

29. Blease, C. & Kirsch, I. (2016). Introduction to Special Issue on Psychotherapy and the Placebo Effect (Eds.C. Blease & I. Kirsch), Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research and Practice 3(2):105-107.

30. Blease, C., Colloca, L., Kaptchuk, T. (2016). Are open-label placebos ethical? Informed consent and ethical equivocations. Bioethics 30(6):407-414.

31. Blease, C., Trachsel, M., Grosse Holtforth, M. (2016). Paternalism, placebos, and informed consent in psychotherapy: The challenge of ethical disclosure. Verhaltenstherapie (26(1): 22-30

32. Gaab, J., Blease, C., Locher, C., Gerger, H. Go open: A plea for transparency in psychotherapy. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice 3(2):175-198 .

33. Blease, C. (2015). Informed Consent, the Placebo Effect, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. In: T. Schramme, ed., New Perspectives on Paternalism and Healthcare. (Springer-Verlag).

34. Blease, C. (2015). Authorized concealment and authorized deception: Well-intended secrets are likely to induce nocebo effects'. American Journal of Bioethics 15(10): 23-25.

35. Blease, C. (2013). Electroconvulsive Therapy, the Placebo Effect and Informed Consent. Journal of Medical Ethics 39(3):166-170.

36. Blease, C. (2013). Electroconvulsive Therapy: The Importance of Informed Consent and ‘Placebo Literacy’. (Response to Julie K. Hersh). Journal of Medical Ethics 39(3): 175-6.

37. Blease, C. (2012). The Principle of Parity: The Placebo and Physician Communication. Journal of Medical Ethics 38(4):199-203.1.

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MEDICAL ETHICS (see also: "Open Notes"; "Placebo Studies")

1. Hunt, J., Blease, C., Geraghty, K. J. (2022).  Long Covid at the Crossroads: Comparisons and Lessons from the Treatment of Patients with Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Journal of Health Psychology.

2. Gaab, J., Annoni, M., Blease, C., Gerger, H., Locher, C. (2020). The good treatment: A biopsychosocioethical proposition. European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare 8 (2): 201-206.

3. Annoni, M. & Blease, C. (2020). Persons over models: Shared person-centered healthcare. European Journal for Person-Centred Healthcare 8(3): 355-362.

4. Blease, C. & Geraghty, K. (2018). Are ME/CFS organizations ‘militant’? Patient protest in a medical controversy. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 1-9.

5. Blease, C., Carel, H., Geraghty, K. (2016). Epistemic Injustice in Healthcare Encounters: Evidence from Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Journal of Medical Ethics 42(8): 549-557 (Editor's Choice).

6. Geraghty, K. J., & Blease, C. (2018). Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome and the biopsychosocial model: a review of patient harm and distress in the medical encounter. Disability and Rehabilitation, 1-10.

7. Blease, C. (2014). The Duty to be Well-Informed: The Case of Depression. Journal of Medical Ethics 40(4):225-229.

8. Blease, C. (2011). Deception as Treatment: The Case of Depression. Journal of Medical Ethics 37(1): 13-16.

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PSYCHOTHERAPY ETHICS

1. Blease, C., Walker, J., Torous, J., O'Neill, S. (2020). Sharing clinical notes in psychotherapy: A new tool to strengthen patient autonomy. Frontiers in Psychiatry

2. Blease, C. (2020). Psychotherapy is still failing patients: Revisiting informed consent – a response to Garson Leder. Journal of Medical Ethics 47(7): 447-449

3. Gaab, J., Annoni, M., Blease, C., Gerger, H. and Locher, C., 2020. The good treatment: a biopsychosocioethical proposition. European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare, 8(2), pp.201-206.

4. Blease, C., Trachsel, M., Kelley, J. M. (2020) Patient information on evidence and clinical effectiveness of psychotherapy. In: Oxford Handbook of Psychotherapy Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

5. Grosse Holtforth, M., Gomez Penedo, J. M., Locher, C., Blease, C., Castonguay, L. G. Psychotherapy integration as an ethical practice. In: Oxford Handbook of Psychotherapy Ethics. Oxford: Oxford University Press (2020).

6. Blease, C., Arnott, T., Kelley, J. M., Proctor, G., Kube, T., Gaab, J., Locher, C. (2020) Attitudes about informed consent: An exploratory analysis of UK psychotherapy trainees. Frontiers in Psychiatry.

7. Blease, C. and Kelley, J. M. Does disclosure about the common factors affect laypersons' opinions about how cognitive behavioral therapy works? Frontiers in Psychology 9:2635.

8. Blease, C., Kelley, J. M., & Trachsel, M. (2018). Informed Consent in Psychotherapy: Implications of Evidence-Based Practice. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy 48(2):69-78.

9. Geraghty, K., Blease, C. (2016). Cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome: A narrative review on efficacy and informed consent. Journal of Health Psychology 23(1):127-138.

10. Blease, C. Lilienfeld, S., Kelley, J. (2016) Evidence-based practice and psychological treatments: The imperatives of informed consent. Frontiers in Psychology 7(1170).

11. Blease, C., Trachsel, M., Grosse Holtforth, M. (2016). Paternalism, placebos, and informed consent in psychotherapy: The challenge of ethical disclosure. Verhaltenstherapie (26(1): 22-30

12. Gaab, J., Blease, C., Locher, C., Gerger, H. Go open: A plea for transparency in psychotherapy. Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice 3(2):175-198.

13. Blease, C. (2015). Talking More about Talking Cures: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Informed Consent. Journal of Medical Ethics 41: 750-755.

14. Blease, C. (2015). Informed Consent, the Placebo Effect, and Psychodynamic Psychotherapy. In: T. Schramme, ed., New Perspectives on Paternalism and Healthcare. (Springer-Verlag).​​

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PHILOSOPHY IN EDUCATION

1. Blease, C. (2019) Philosophy Ireland. In: A. Fulford, G. Lockrobin & R. Smith, eds., Philosophy and community: Theories, Practices, and Possibilities. London, UK: Bloomsbury.

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OTHER / ENCYCLOPEDIA ENTRIES / BOOK REVIEWS / INVITED ESSAYS

1. Salmi, L., Blease, C. (2021). A Step-By-Step Guide to Peer Review: A Template for Patients & Novice Reviewers. BMJ Care and Informatics 28(1):e100392 

2. Locher, C., Gaab, J., Loughlin, M., Blease, C. (2018). Book Review: After placebo by Robin Nunn. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice 24:1265-1267.

3. Blease, C. (2016). Interview with Professor Deborah Bowman, Editor of Medical Humanities 42:200-204.

4. Blease, C. (2015). Is psychotherapy a license to deceive? In: J. Humphreys, Unthinkable: Great Ideas for Now, pp. 212-215 (Dublin, Ireland: Irish Times Books).

5. Blease, C. (2015). Missing the boat: CSR needs empirically literate philosophers. Journal for the Cognitive Science of Religion 3(1): 43.

6. Blease, C. & Cooper, R. (2015). Kuhn. In: R. Cautin and S. Lilienfeld, eds., Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology (Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell).

7. Blease, C. & Cooper, R. (2015). Kuhn's Paradigms. In: R. Cautin and S. Lilienfeld, eds., Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology (Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell).

8. Cooper, R. & Blease, C. (2014). Duhem-Quine Thesis. In: R. Cautin and S. Lilienfeld, eds., Encyclopedia of Clinical Psychology (Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell).

9. Blease, C. (2011). Eliminative Materialism. In: M. Bruce and S. Barbone, eds., Just the Arguments: 100 of the Most Important Arguments in Western Philosophy, pp. 348-349. (Oxford, UK: Blackwell-Wiley)

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